This experiment was conducted to study some physiological characteristics associated with adaptation to harsh environmente in four breeds of Iranian camels rearing in different climates and ages from males and females. Adult females of both pregnant and non-pregnant were selected. Blood samples were taken from 200 camels of Roodbar, Bandari, Yazd and Arab species from Kerman, Hormozgan, Yazd and Khuzestan regions with two samples from each animal using tube containing EDTA. From a sample, plasma was separated after centrifuging while the other sample was freezed as an intact blood. Although sex and conception had no influence on concentration of complete blood sodium and potassium as well as plasma sodium and potassium (Meq/L), climate and breed factors were found to significantly affect the traits (P<0/0001). Regarding to the significant differences of blood potassium in different breeds and also sodium-potassium pump activity and that more adaptation to the extreme environmente is expected in the animals with high potassium concentration, suitable breeds could be selected for more productivity and producibility in each region.